TRANSFORMER

Transformer:

A Transformer is a machine that is used to step up and step down the voltages.The Transformer consists of two windings out of which one is of low voltage and another is of high voltage.In other word these windings are also known as Primary and Secondary windings.These windings are wounded on either sides of a Core frame, which is a magnetic material.

1.STEP UP TRANSFORMER:Here a low voltage is stepped up or increased or amplified into high voltage as per the requirement.

2.STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER: Here a high voltage is stepped down or reduced to low voltage as per the requirement.

A Transformer works on the principle of Electro magnetic induction.When the primary winding is fed by the supply due to this a flux is produced in its coil and thus leads to the generation of emf in the secondary coil due to the Electro magnetic induction.These coils are magnetically coupled, not Electrically.Thus we can understand the basic working principle of a Transformer.

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SWITCHING TRANSIENTS IN TRANSFORMER

Switching Transients: The word Transients is always very Scary for me but not any more hahaaa...........what about you???? Well coming to the point...why do these Switching Transients occur in a Transformer. When the switch is closed when the voltage is maximum...then the flux required by the core is zero and the available flux in the core is also zero and hence NORMAL OPERATION is sufficient When the switch is closed when the voltage is crossing zero...then the flux required by the core is maximum but here the avaliable flux in the core is zero and hence TRANSIENT OPERATION is required Here when the Transient operation takes place then the flux doubles gradually and this is known as Doubling Effect of Transformer.This Doubling Effect causes magnetic in rush current and Damage in the insulation. Using Secondary Harmonic Restraining Coil can reduce all these Drawbacks.

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TRANSMISSION LINES

Transmission lines The Transmission lines are basically Electrical Circuits having distributed constants such as Resistance,Inductance and Capacitance.These contants are uniformly distributed along the length of the line and there concentration at any particular point is not possible Basically these Transmission lines are Classified based on two cases, CASE 1: BASED ON LENGTH:- The Tranmission lines are classified into three types here 1.Short Transmission Lines:When the length of the Tranmission line is below 60 km then they are considered to be under STL 2.Medium Transmission Lines:When the length of the Transmission line is 80-160 km then they are said to be MTL. 3.Long Transmission Lines: When the length of the Transmission line is above 160 km then they are said to be LTL. CASE 2: BASED ON OPERATING VOLTAGE:- Here the Transmission lines are classified into five types 1.Low Voltage:When the operating voltage is upto 1KV. 2.High Voltage:When the operat...

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